A recent study underlines the potential benefits of consistent aspirin use in lowering the risk of colon cancer, particularly among people who lead unhealthy lifestyles. This study emphasises aspirin’s function as a preventive measure for colorectal cancer, which is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide.
Colorectal cancer is estimated to kill over 52,500 people in the United States alone by 2023, with more than 153,000 additional cases being diagnosed. Over the last decade, the disease’s incidence has more than doubled among those under the age of 55.
Research details
The researchers examined data from nearly 107,000 participants in the Nurses‘ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, focusing on their lifestyles and aspirin use. The study discovered that people who consistently took aspirin had an 18% lower risk of acquiring colorectal cancer than those who did not. Those with the most unhealthy behaviours, such as a higher BMI, smoking, and a poor diet, saw the most advantages. Regular aspirin use was found to reduce cancer risk by approximately 40% in these high-risk patients.
Caution and recommendations
The study, published in JAMA Oncology, reveals that whilst aspirin may help reduce the risk for patients with numerous risk factors, its advantages should be balanced against potential negative effects. Aspirin can cause gastrointestinal bleeding, and the recent change in recommendations by the US Preventive Services Task Force, which reversed its 2016 advice due to bleeding concerns, complicates its use.
Lead author Dr Daniel Sikavi and other specialists underline the need for additional research to confirm these findings and determine the best dosage and duration of aspirin use for cancer prevention. They also recommend that the study be reproduced with more diverse populations to confirm that the results are broadly relevant.
Expert opinions
Dr Christina Annunziata of the American Cancer Society points out that, whilst the study shows a considerable advantage for people at high risk, it is not a replacement for a healthy lifestyle. Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol intake are all important for cancer prevention.
The study makes a convincing case for using aspirin as a preventive treatment for people with high-risk factors, but it also emphasises the value of tailored medical guidance and lifestyle adjustments.